1. What is Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in the “real” world versus are experiences with “digital” time? Why are these differences significant?

         Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in “ real world” versus are experiences with “ digital” time when Galaxies 500 recorded, we played our songs in what audio engineers now refer to as “ real time”. Real time implies live time. Time as we experience it in the analog world.It is experienced and not counted like a clock. Those experiences are variable, always changing and flexible. It shows simply how long something seems to take when it is not pleasant, as opposed to how quickly it goes by when you are having fun. Digital time on the other hand  is not lived time. It’s machine time. It’s locked to a clock and that clock time code makes everything more regular than lived time. Digital time is only one among many, equally possible experiences. Digital time is something called latency, a delay between the actual moment and when we hear it. However, this is caused by the time it takes to translate digital info to sound as well as the travel time through the  various pieces of equipment. Digital time is very difficult to synchronize and it’s a challenge, in digital recording, to line up the different layers that make upa song.

2 .  What does Krukowski mean when he says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space?

         Krukowski means when he says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate spaces means what we hear and plays a big role in what we are aware of regarding our surroundings and how we travel through them. He further mentions, when we use our stereo hearing to locate sounds around us and to map where we are in relation to the source of these sounds. If you limit your hearing with ear plugs or ear buds, you will be less aware of the space around you as well as the people.

Episode 2

1. In the interview at the beginning of the episode, Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” What does he mean by this? What does Moss say about the distinction between public and private space, and why is it important?

           Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” He means that developers in Astor place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way because Astor place is for public and everybody’s  were welcome here. Private security guards walk around and people are safe and protest.public dissent in this place. It has a sigh no skateboarding no this no that because it’s now pedestrian plaza. There are rules which dictate how people use the space.  

2. What is the significance of Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces”? How is this desire, according to Krukowski, related to earbuds and headphones?

        Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desire to “ control interior spaces” because there was a time that was perceived to be uniquely and unprecedentedly loud, and a lot of that had to do with technological changes in the modern city. The rise of internal combustion engines with vehicles everywhere, trains and subways  are hard to deal with in such an environment. Therefore,noise abatement helped to understand the drive to control sound in interior space- to create kind of refuges from those environments. And so auditoriums began to be designed to be more absorptive, to reduce reverberation. According to Krukowski,  earbuds and headphones  help people to create their own space in the noise environment. In addition,those  sound cancellation helps to set apart people from the noisy world and fascinated with it’s sound effect.

3. In your own opinion, what are the key ideas from this episode about the relationship between sound and space? What strikes you as interesting about the ways that sound influences our experience of space.

        The key ideas from this  episode, a relationship between sounds and space in my points, is  hearing helps us  to navigate space . We use our stereo hearing to locate sounds around us and to map where we are in relation to the source of those sounds. In fact, sounds make us aware of our surroundings and it lets us travel time.  For example,when I was in my back  home country a couple of times I had followed the sound of  Mike to teach in that place because it guide me that space.

Episode 1

1. Krukowski explain that real-time is at the moment, when you experience it live it’s a one done deal. You can’t produce or experience it the same as the 1^st Digital time is precision control of analog work, its machine time and it set up like a clock. So, it will play when it needs to be play.
2. When we walk around our own neighborhood, we hear many different types of sounds that can convey to relation to the source of the sounds. With that, this would be considering a way to navigate space. However, now in says we really don’t do that since mostly people have their headphone on and they won’t be aware of their surroundings since they aren’t able to listen to it.

Episode 2

3. Jeremiah Moss argued some people are looking at their screen who don’t want to be a part of the city, so this create some sort of bubble to separate them from what is happing around them. He also explains how in Astor Place, was a public plaza and little by little it’s become private because you can see security walking around. It wasn’t like this before; people would be able to protest and now they created a rule that they can’t do it anymore. This is very important because it show us how a public space area for people to express themselves turned to a private area. This is because they added restricted rules and security in Astor Place.
4. Thompson talks about how the development of the concert hall had led to control the interior space. The idea was to contain music in a space where it doesn’t spread to the outside world, so the people who don’t want to hear the music don’t have to. She explained how in Radio City, people where angry not being able to see the show. However, once they hear the musical they really didn’t care since the music help the people create an image for themselves. Krukowski relates this connection with headphones/earbuds, dur to the connection the sound makes when you’re hearing the music. Since they disconnect us from the outside world.
5. In my opinion, we disconnect ourselves with the world around us by using headphones/air buds to play our music. This helps us to separate us from the sound surrounding of the environment we are walking to. It is very interesting that we are able to privatize our self with the hearing the type of music that we like. In doing so, we are creating a bubble for our self in our own space/world.

EPISODE: 1

1.What is Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in the “real” world versus are experiences with “digital” time? Why are these differences significant?

Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in the “real” world versus are experiences with “digital” time is that how we living in a time. First of all, Real-world time is the time we usually live. We can feel and see every moment what is true. On the other hand, Digital-time is like a pre-organized time. That’s why we know what will transpire in the future. Digital-time can be controlled or re-create. As a result, the original/true vibes are totally lost for the digital-time what we used to get from the real-world time. And I think this is a main significance between real and digital world time.

2. What does Krukowski mean when he says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space?

When Krukowski says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space, he meant the sound has the power/skill to navigate our position/location of where we are. By sound we can simply find where we are. If we focus on the sounds surrounding us, we can easily identify where we are. For example: if I am walking in a street and hear a music what is similar to me, I can easily guess the place. Consciousness of sound helps to find a place.

EPISODE: 2

3. In the interview at the beginning of the episode, Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” What does he mean by this? What does Moss say about the distinction between public and private space, and why is it important?

In the interview at the beginning of the episode, Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” These days many people usually walk around with their screens and don’t want to hear generally for the headphones. People are avoiding ear-contact. They are making some kind of private bubbles to move through public space. As a result, these bubbles changed the public space into private space. Now public places have rules are being controlled by specific companies. However, people don’t understand about the invasion of public spaces. If so, this change would not have been seen. Unfortunately, people lost their consciousness about public space in their concentration for their screen.

4. What is the significance of Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces”? How is this desire, according to Krukowski, related to earbuds and headphones?

The significance of Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces” because the cause of the growing loudness/volume of sounds. Such as the sound of subways, elevated trains, loud engines of cars or motorbikes. As a result, it’s very hard for people to stay or concentrate with the loud sounds. In this circumstance, people use earbuds and headphones to stay in a private interior space with avoiding interruption from outside.

5. In your own opinion, what are the key ideas from this episode about the relationship between sound and space? What strikes you as interesting about the ways that sound influences our experience of space.

In my opinion, the key ideas from this episode about the relationship between sound and space is we can travel by or through a sound. We can notice our spot/location by listening sounds so we can also go different places by hearing sounds. For example: we can feel the vibe of rain by hearing raining sounds with close eyes even though it’s not raining.

Episode 1

1. What is Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in the “real” world versus are experiences with “digital” time? Why are these differences significant?

Krukowski explained that the difference between real-time and digital time is that real-time can’t be changed, which is the time we all experience, but digital time is different. Digital time is set by machines. We can change the speed and change of time through tools and machines to achieve our goal

2.  What does Krukowski mean when he says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space?

We use our stereo hearing to located sounds around us and to map where we are in relation to the source of the sounds.

Episode 2

1. In the interview at the beginning of the episode, Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” What does he mean by this? What does Moss say about the distinction between public and private space, and why is it important?

He feels angry with the gentrification, witnesses the increasing wealth, and homogeneity, of the City. He means that the public space used to be for pedestrians, but by the time change, it took over by the chain store on the ground floor such as K-Mart, Walgreens, and CVS. They are privatizing public space with rules with signs like no skateboarding no this no that. It dictates how people use space in the pedestrian plaza with rules. 

2.  What is the significance of Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces”? How is this desire, according to Krukowski, related to earbuds and headphones?

The significance of Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces” is to create a kind of refuges from this environment. Earbuds are an auditorium without walls. We can control and tailor our audio environment, to most whatever we desire it to be-in any space we find our serves. 

3. In your own opinion, what are the key ideas from this episode about the relationship between sound and space? What strikes you as interesting about the ways that sound influences our experience of space

Space had meaning because of the sounds that had been shared there Sound can change the way that people think about space, and how we originally thought about it.

Ways of Hearing, Episode 1 & 2

Episode 1

1. What is Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in the “real” world versus are experiences with “digital” time? Why are these differences significant?
   -THe” real” time means lived time, the time we experience .In real time ,neither we can fast forward things nor we can make it slow.Real time is flexible, can unified without thinking about the real time. Whereas digital time is not a lived time.It is a machine time .It is locked to a clock and that time could make everything  more regular than lived time.Digital time is designed from machine .We can get all kind of conveniences that are possible in making life easier but it may be the reason to lose the ability to share individual time with one another.
2. What does Krukowski mean when he says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space?
   -We use our  hearing to locate sound around us and to map where  we are in-relation to source of  the sound.You are able to detect the the  way or even know the type of noise  with your eye still in screen.

Episode 2

1. In the interview at the beginning of the episode, Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” What does he mean by this? What does Moss say about the distinction between public and private space, and why is it important?
   -Public space is a publicly-owned place for speaking out and being heard. For example, parks, sidewalks, libraries, schools, governmental buildings, recreation facilities .A successful public space generally offer  qualities like easy  accessible, it should be comfortable and have a good image, people should be able to engage in an array of activities, and, it should be sociable.Now the Astor place lacks those qualities.Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place  have now Private security guards and are not allowed  skateboarding etc.And the public does not seems to notice those things since they are in their own private bubble within a public place.
2. Emily Thompson’s idea of the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control sound in interior spaces” because of constant  never ending development and recreating in the exterior environment  that creates noise.The drive  to control noise lead to  the development of concert halls. According  to Krukowski  the idea of how much of the sound we want  to hear, with out reverberation in an auditorium  is unremarkable  which is related to earbud ,and headphone as he said they create an auditorium without the walls.

3.In your own opinion, what are the key ideas from this episode about the relationship between sound and space? What strikes you as interesting about the ways that sound influences our experience of space

We use our  hearing to locate sound around us and to map where  we are in-relation to source of  the sound. What we hear involves awareness of the surrounding sounds.

Episode 1

1. What is Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in the “real” world versus are experiences with “digital” time? Why are these differences significant?

• Krukowski is a writer musician which examines how the switch from analog to digital audio changed our perceptions of time, space, love, money and power. Time” is full of fascinating observations about how digital technology has altered our relationship to time: “if you’ve ever wanted to hit Undo on something in real life, you understand.” Real time is lived time. Time that we experienced in the analog time. On the other hand, digital time is designed for machines. When we trade broadcast for podcast, or analog for digital in the recording studio, we give up the opportunity to perceive time together through our media. Digital time can allow for other kind of variability in ways that can mess up your head. He talked about podcast listening speed, speeding himself up to 1.25x, “like I’m manic”, and slowing down to 0.75x, “like I’m drunk”. The lag between real time and computer process time messed with us too.

2. What does Krukowski mean when he says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space?

• Listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space. Krukowski means that sound can navigate us where are we. It helps map us from the surroundings. You can detect your way even if you are looking at your screen or doing anything. For New Yorkers, such sound waves are comparable to the usual noise of rain in inclement weather.

Episode 2

• In the interview at the beginning of the episode, Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” What does he mean by this? What does Moss say about the distinction between public and private space, and why is it important?
• This episode shows the way that digital media allows us to control signals we hear in public. Whatever we hear through our headphones and/or earbuds commands our attention, “Cocooning each of us in signal even as we occupy shared space.” The personalized soundscapes coming through earbuds create an interior space as a refuge even while extending that interior space into the street. “Through audio we’re privatizing our public spaces,” Said Kurkowski. When your listening to a broadcast with earbuds, you’ll find out that you aren’t aware of the space around you or of other people. If you are on the street, you won’t hear their footsteps approaching. You won’t hear their coughs, letting you know they are right behind you. You won’t even hear them yelling at you to get out of the way. Some people walk with screens, they main aim is not to be here, they are opting out of the street life of the city. They are creating a bubble to move in public space.
• What is the significance of Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces”? How is this desire, according to Krukowski, related to earbuds and headphones?
• Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces” because there were technological developments occurred in that time. There were too many noises around the people by the working engineers and the machines the workers use, motor of the vehicles moving, elevated trains everywhere and subways were simultaneously being built. This period was very hard for people to hear their thoughts or even try to collect them together. According to Krukowski, this desire is related to earbuds and headphones because these tools help people concentrate in whatever they are doing and help them connect their thoughts and ideas. It can avoid the outside distraction. He mentioned, “They create an auditorium without the walls”. It is in a way creating the same refuge as concert hall can create.

3. In your own opinion, what are the key ideas from this episode about the relationship between sound and space? What strikes you as interesting about the ways that sound influences our experience of space

• Damon Krukowski’s Ways of Hearing is an ear-opener. These episodes open the ears through the eyes. Everything changes so quickly, the buildings, fashion, cars, bridges, roads. Yet we don’t. The ways we move through space in crowds, the ways we interact with each other through phone calls, the ways we record, share, and access music. The act of listening, we realize not just in conversation but in our headphones and in the world is significant. How we control sound, how we use it to insulate ourselves, to transport ourselves, to educate ourselves, to provoke thoughts and to distract ourselves from thoughts, to connect, to escape, can have social, even political, ramifications. And listening to podcasts these intimate, sophisticated constructions of sound and ideas can connect us intensely to other people and isolate us from our surroundings at the same time. Hearing involves awareness of surrounding sounds. Listening, paying attention to what we hear, elevates our engagement with those sounds and all they have to offer.