Episode 5

1. Music is accepted by one side and rejected by the other. But the marginalized, the rejected, the repressed, most of the time will evolve into new forms or die out completely. Whether being accepted or rejected, I think, is a symbol of benefit. After being rejected, art or music will have different innovations, the social system will be adjusted after being rejected by people, and rights will evolve into a new system after being marginalized. Most of the time, people only focus on what is accepted and popular, but what is ignored is not necessarily bad, but just appreciated from a different Angle.

2. Both are the drawbacks of the digital age. No one knows what the purpose of the operation is behind them, but whether the so-called forced exposure is just another propaganda tool to attract people’s attention and show some marginalized or the next trend in this way. What people see may be superficial phenomena, but I think what the purpose of forced exposure is, there will be no loss, because it will evolve into another form or result, and the beneficiary will always be the business.

3. Surprise satisfies people’s curiosity and thirst for knowledge, like a conclusion. However, in the process of discovery, the development company provides different music enjoyment to the audience through discovery and development. On the side, it is the developer who satisfies the audience’s taste. However, they are related. 

Episode 6

1. Noise and signal are often confused by people, noise depends on people’s choice, everyone’s understanding, and acceptance of noise is different. A signal is a cue by which people get some information. Both are important because I think all sounds can be noise, all sounds come from noise. People decide whether it’s noise, and decisions and signals give them information that they want.

2. Noise and signals are interrelated because all sound comes from noise, and all signals can be considered noise. Krukowski likes to remind people not to think noise is noise subjectively. People need to understand the message that noise conveys. Sometimes people can get from noise to unexpected results.

3. The way of listening is constantly changing, which will also change people’s lives. With the continuous progress and development of digital technology, people become more and more detached from real life. Listening becomes a weapon and tool for people to gain benefits. Away from noise, away from the innovation of digital music, the human ear has also become a victim of sound, and digital progress is depriving the ear of the right to hear. It seems that people are controlling the progress of digitalization, but in fact, digitalization is gradually controlling people.

Episodes 3 & 4

Episode 3

1. According to Krukowski, what are the main differences between a microphone and a cellphone and why is this difference important?

When people use Microphone, that can give other feelings about the speaker that are very close to them. For example, most radio uses a very professional system to record their video in a very quiet room. The high quality of voice pulles the distance between speaker and listener. cell phones have become a necessity in people’s lives because it lets people talk everywhere. The quality is not very highl and technology changes the voice of people when people talk on the phone. Microphone and cellphone both are important. They are just usd in different conditions or different ways. Cell Phones improve communication. 

     2. What do Krukowski and Gary Tomlinson, the professor he interviews, assert about the “musical” qualities of the voice and how are these changed by digital transmission

Gary Tomlinson believes that people have already lost some language skill when we use digital transmission because when people who are separate far away have to use digital transmission, it causes people to lose some feeling. Digital transmission depends on their data reading and analysis to transmit. When people speak, they have feelings, but digital only stransmit what they read, not feelings. In addition, digital transmission causes people to have lower ability to distinguish because the voice of people has been changed. Digital transmission is Compressing the sound and then transmitting it reduces the quality of the sound.

3. What is the significance of Krukowski comments on the voice to ideas about community and interpersonal connection?

High-quality voices can make people want to get close to each other. This idea is attracted by the voice. If you have a high-quality voice, you will naturally have a lot of listeners, or people like to communicate with them. But the thing is a cellphone use high technology and pulls people together also, and a cellphone is sensitive with voice, maybe when people talk on the phone, they only can hear the voice, not all the sounds such as background. 

Episode 4

1. Krukowski begins by discussing the issue of music file sharing. What is your opinion of this issue? Should music be freely available or should one have to pay? 

I hope it is available for everyone, but it is not possible. I Hope music can be free to anyone because people can have spiritual communication through music, also can through communication because of the language.  Music as a theme, let us around it, when people around the music, people will have a feeling, this feeling can be warm and also can be sad. However, in today’s society when there is no anything free, from basic life to high-quality enjoyment, from daily necessities to luxury gifts, money is at the disposal of everything, so all are measured by money. In addition, when music is created which means people will spend money to get it, it is very similar to “ways of seeing” women in the oil painting of the west, and adviseverment in people’s lives which means people get, it represents something in their mind. Enjoying and process can be many various ways. We depend on paying some money to make sense of being, and the creator and company control both people and music. That is what happened right now. 

    2. How does this episode represent the relationships between music, community, and culture?

Music is action recording. When creators try to produce, they have feelings or the music is their experience. I like their stories and want to share them with people.  They depend on sharing feelings, sharing experience with people. Music is recording about history and culture because music comes from people’s lives.  This is invisible and this is feeling. However, when music becomes an industry, it feels like it’s gone, and what’s left is profit, and people become concerned about money and forget about music.

3. Does charging money for music impede the formation of communities around this music or does it help support the circulation of music?

When music and money are related to each other, money changes the original value of music. It promotes the development of digital because people gradually accept the form of digital music. But this gives music very few opportunities, and digital concerts are gradually replacing music. This is actually very contradictory. The interaction between digital music and music may be best combined with each other.

Ways of Hearing, Episode 1 & 2

Episode 1

1. What is Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in the “real” world versus are experiences with “digital” time? Why are these differences significant?

Real time as the name implies is lived time, time as we experience it in analogy world. Digital time is not lived time, it is machine time. It is locked to a clock. And that clock a time code —-makes everything more regular than live time. These are important because  now a lot of real people who live in the digital world feel this is real life. When people live in real time, they enjoy the time and feel that they feel. However, when people live in the digital life, we are like machines, no feeling, no emotion. 

2. What does Krukowski mean when he says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space?

 I  feel this could be positive and negative. When we listen, sometimes our brains are working with what we are listening to. If we are listening to an old song, music or have communication, it can bring us back for that moment, or imagine we are at that  time. This causes our brains to think, and we feel to be personally on the scene. However, when we are listening to something, sometimes we forget who we are, and forget about what surrounds us. We are losing. Listening can put us together, also, can separate us. 

Episode 2

1. In the interview at the beginning of the episode, Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” What does he mean by this? What does Moss say about the distinction between public and private space, and why is it important?

A public space is a place that is open and accessible to people. Such as parks, libraries,  beaches…..everybody can enjoy or share public spaces. However, now a lot of people use these public spaces to be private. People prefer to use public spaces, they feel they have to. People think that everyone has the right to use these public Spaces because he is a public space. Under the manipulation of this idea, public space is thus legitimately occupied

1. What is the significance of Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces”? How is this desire, according to Krukowski, related to earbuds and headphones?

People always say “Music Without Borders” even though sometimes we do not know another language, we can still understand or feel with music that they want to express. When the concert is built or expanded, every concert is large, elegant, and looks very funny. Connecting to “ways of seeing” both have similar ideas. Music and women are objects for the audience. When we listen to music in concert as women are watched by men. People sit in the concert to listen to the music which can demonstrate who they are. They depend on controlling women or music to show how they are or their status. In addition, earbuds and headphones have some ideas. I feel when people wear headphones, they are enjoying music or have private space. However, people who wear headphones separate from others because they are living lonely at that moment, they do not connect with others. 

2.  In your own opinion, what are the key ideas from this episode about the relationship between sound and space? What strikes you as interesting about the ways that sound influences our experience of space

The sound is everywhere, the sound has a sense of hierarchy under the effect of space, and then conveys to you different ideas. People control themselves by controlling sound and space. People like to occupy space so that they can feel their presence. The larger the space, the more the sense of existence. Music is a bridge between each other, and it also separates people. All reasons stem from desire. Women in oil paintings derive from the desires of men. People control sound and space, and bringing people a sense of accomplishment is also a desire.

1. According to Berger, how do “publicity” –what we would call advertising–images influence consumers and why is this significant?

Advertisements persuade people or try to change people’s ideas through pictures or imitation of some artistic works. In advertisements, people’s success, happiness and wealth attract the audience and arouse people’s admiration. When people envy, they will have desire and have a sense of achievement. That is, the glamour of publicity, in the final winner between the advertising appears to be the customer, but the real winner is the business

2. As he compares oil painting to publicity (advertising) photography, Berger argues that oil painting “showed what the owner was already enjoying among his possessions and way of life;” “it enhanced his view of himself as he already was.”  Whereas publicity pictures, “appeal to a way of life that we aspire to or think we aspire to.” Why are these differences important? What do they reveal to us about the production of images for publicity? ‘

Both advertisement and painting describe the characteristics of things, express ideas and convey themes, but there are also differences between them: oil painting is a symbol of identity, and the master decides his status by appreciating and owning oil painting. Advertising is a kind of life that inspires people to have and get something that is not necessarily true. Advertising is provocative and suggestive, suggesting that people just want to own it. It’s very different from painting. Oil paintings attract audiences by presenting facts, and advertisements attract people to consume by exaggerating facts. But money is subjective. Advertisements inspire people as well as strike them down. Money has everything because money can buy the things in advertisements. Without money there is nothing.

3. Choose one of the “dreams” he offers or think of your own. How does this dream offered by advertising use imagery to manipulate consumers?

There were three dreams that appeared in the video, the dream of the later tonight, the skin dream, the dream of a faraway place. The so-called dream is unreal, at least not now, not currently. The advertisement just uses this to give people the space of fantasy and imagination. When people see the scene in the advertisement, they will imagine that they are also in it. At this time, what people buy represents another kind of mood. People buy things, but they are satisfied with their thinking.

Q1. Nudity and nakedness do not wear clothes in some sense. However, according to Berger in the video, he has a different opinion. When people are naked, the naked body becomes nude. Nudity is a way of showing naked body. Naked is a person without clothes. In the video, this is important because it implies how people should understand the different relationships between men and women in society in these bare paintings.

Q2. Male nudity represents victory, glory and power, while female nudity is a symbol of fertility, reproduction and sexuality. It exposes social inequality between men and women. Women are used for viewing and are regarded as objects. women are watched by men, so women are always paying attention to their own behavior and appearance. Women are seen as a landscape or object in the painting, and the viewer is the owner of the painting which means women belong to them. In today’s society, these situations still exist. In some families, women still play housewives, and then men make money to support their families. Women belong to men, and men occupy women in these families.

Q3. Mirrors appear in many nude paintings, and it is common for women to use mirrors in Western oil paintings. The appearance of the mirror is to show the vanity of women. a woman cares a lot about whether she is beautiful, so she always sees how she looks in a man’s eyes, whether a woman’s face and body meet the standards of a man. Women satisfy themselves by satisfying men。This mirror also means that in addition to men judging women, women are also judging themselves. At the same time, he connects the gazes of these women with some pornographic magazines. This gaze is like a temptation that tempts people to produce Unlimited reverie.