DB#6      Episodes 3 & 4

Episode 3

1 .According to Krukowski, what are the main differences between a microphone and a cellphone and why is this difference important?

– The difference between the microphone and cellphone are microphone can only be spoke into with a receiver, and cellphone can be use to connect with an individual to communicate.

2. What do Krukowski and Gary Tomlinson, the professor he interviews, assert about the “musical” qualities of the voice and how are these changed by digital transmission?

–    Voice has been changed by digital transmission is what we can replay and hear it again, Knowing auto tune can be use as a digital voice to customize how you want to sound.

3. What is the significance of Krukowski’s comments on the voice to ideas about community and interpersonal connection?

-Kurkowski comments on the voice idea has build Digital voice and knowing how to share voice over these digital.

Episode 4

1. Krukowski begins by discussing the issue of music file sharing. What is your opinion of this issue? Should music be freely available or should one have to pay? 

-Music should be free because it a way to people enjoy your songs but you still can make monkey from live concert and doing other shows. I think music should be available all around for free to people to listen. I think in this day and age people will most like listen music on youtube for free then paying for a CD.

2.How does this episode represent the relationships between music, community, and culture?

– The relationships between the music community and culture can be really all together it depends on what type of music your listening to and the genre to it. Different culture has it owns music and it own community who listen to their own music.

Ways of Hearing

Discussion questions for episodes 5 & 6

Episode 5

1. At the beginning of this episode, Krukowski asserts, “the marginal-the rejected-the repressed-is whatever the powerful have decided is of no use at the moment.” What does he mean by this statement? He goes on to ask, “But might it [the marginal-the rejected-the repressed] not be a key to alternate approaches to art, to society-to power itself?” (“Marginalized” is an adjective that describes a person, group, or concept that is treated as insignificant or peripheral.)
   

What is he trying to get at with this question? How does music indicate the differences between the powerful and the marginalized?

-The music like Krukowski stated he goes to record store just to window shop even if he doesn’t find anything, he tends to consume knowledge every time he goes to the record store. He stated he goes to antic stores to find some rare old records and bands that they don’t have any use for.

2-How are the music listening experiences enabled by Forced Exposure different from those that Paul Lamere is working on with platforms like Spotify?

-Enabled by Forced Exposure different from what pull Lamere is working on, They’re offering exposure for many records, knowing that Spotify is a platform to increase their records sales such as a digital copy of the record. Using Spotify as a marketing platform.

3-What distinctions does Krukowski draw between being “surprised” by music and “discovering” music? What are the differences between these experiences and according to Krukowski, why are they important? 

-According to the episode, Krukowski stated discovering new music can be surprising to many listeners, but people tend to get bored by listening to similar music. In this day and age, we tend to have the same music from the different artists by just different styles of their own.

Episode 6

1. According to Krukowski, what is noise? What is a signal? Why are these distinctions important?
   -According to Krukowski noise is a signal to our ears that interests us, everything else besides the interest is basically noise that we hear daily. This distinction is important because it gives us interest and knowledge of what we want to hear.
2. What central idea about noise does this episode convey? Why is it significant?
   – This episode conveys that every noise leads to an interest to a listener such as music or any noise that interesting to an individual.
3. How does this episode relate to other episodes? 

-These episodes related to other episodes because the main topic is noise and digital technology that every human being is using, knowing that listening is really important as human beings.

Ways of Hearing, Episode 1 & 2

Episode 1

1. What is Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in the “real” world versus are experiences with “digital” time? Why are these differences significant?

-Krukoswski main point, he stated real time is what we experience at that moment And like he stated Real time is lived time and digital is not a lived time were they work like spread sheet, and he stated that digital time can make many people experience at a time, like the audio we were listening to.

1. What does Krukowski mean when he says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space?

– Krukowski stated navigate space basically is sound like daily sounds, can be the loud music people are playing in their car, anything that have an sound that create a great outcome.

Episode 2

1. In the interview at the beginning of the episode, Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” What does he mean by this? What does Moss say about the distinction between public and private space, and why is it important?

– He stated how NYC is very crowed and they’re very slow, Knowing that everyone is avoiding each other, they tend to use headphone to block each other verbal sound, and he stated how Japan people tent to sleep on the train so they won’t have eye contacts. Its really important because it shows how people are use to their daily life and they tent to have their own private space, for example on the train everyone is on the phone to avoid everything around them.

1. What is the significance of Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces”? How is this desire, according to Krukowski, related to earbuds and headphones?

-They wanted to control the interior space with different music, knowing that many performers took place their, the people who are there they don’t know what music is going to be played. According to the Audio i I think earbud and earphones is a simple of space and sound which an individual tent to use to control there sound and space because they’re in their own little bubble.

1. In your own opinion, what are the key ideas from this episode about the relationship between sound and space? What strikes you as interesting about the ways that sound influences our experience of space

– According to this episode the relationship between the sound and space and be really interactive together because people need space but they want to listen to there own sound, trying to avoid everything around them.

After you watch episode 4 of Ways of Seeing (or even while you are watching it), provide short answers the questions below. 

• According to Berger, how do “publicity”–what we would call advertising–images influence consumers and why is this significant?

 According to Berger publicity can be a action that brings “hype” in the community or trying to stand out in the media world, for example like Kanye west he likes publicity and trying to stand out with his street wear clothing plus he knows he can use this as a marketing too. 

• As he compares oil painting to publicity (advertising) photography, Berger argues that oil painting “showed what the owner was already enjoying among his possessions and way of life;” “it enhanced his view of himself as he already was.”  Whereas publicity pictures, “appeal to a way of life that we aspire to or think we aspire to.” Why are these differences important? What do they reveal to us about the production of images for publicity?

-Berger stated that oil painting shows the true color of beauty, showing their skin as of self image. They use oil painting images for publicity as posters or even advertising, people tend to be more visually appealing when looking at posters or even images such as painting to gain information that’s why it’s imagine are main fir publicity. 

• Choose one of the “dreams” he offers or think of your own. How does this dream offered by advertising use imagery to manipulate consumers?

-Imagine can be used to manipulate consumers,  for example high end brands using well known celebrities like Kanye west or even Travis Scott for their clothing as advertising for young consumers. 

Reading/Viewing Questions

John Berger’s Ways of Seeing Episode 2 

After you watch episode 2 of Ways of Seeing (or even while you are watching it), provide short answers to the questions below.

1. One of the main premises in this episode is Berger’s distinction between nakedness and the nude female form as it is traditionally represented in Western art. What are the differences between these things and why are these differences significant? Do they apply to images you have encountered in your experience

-Berger stated that nude in European painting is a form of art, nude implies a weakness seen as an art form. They stated,” they’re not naked as they are, naked as you see them”. In today’s world, nude painting can be very different in some categories because it’s basically looking at yourself in the mirror that reflects your beauty but it reflects on the judgment you get because in this generation nude painting can be looked differently.

2. According to Berger, how have Western works of art depicted and defined different roles for men and women? According to Berger, what is the significance of this? Do these depictions influence the ways we think of the differences between men’s and women’s roles in society today? 

– In the western work of art, they stated women nude painting can be looked at by men who judge them because they look at them as an object. They tend to use their hand and wear fig leaves to make modest gestures with their hands. Their shame is not so much in relation to one another but they feel shame because of the view of the way the spectator looks at them. In today’s society its really different because we treat women and men equally in opportunity, but some people point of view they think men can do more than women but I’m really against that thought because women and men are both equally strong.

3. How does Berger describe the significance of the mirror in paintings depicting women? What does this object say about the ways beauty is defined in these paintings? What does Berger say about the depiction of the female gaze in the paintings he discusses? What kinds of more contemporary examples does he relate this to, and what significance does he draw from these connections between older European art and depictions of women today?

– Berger describes the mirror painting as a men desire to look at to satisfy their pleasure, they tend to look at the nude painting as an original beauty but in the discussion that Berger has with the women, they stated that oil painting shows women in an unreal way because of how the painting is immensely exaggerated on how their gesture looks.