Episode 1

1. What is Krukowski’s main point about how we experience time in the “real” world versus are experiences with “digital” time? Why are these differences significant?

According to Krukowski, he thinks real time is live time and digital time is machine time which is locked to a clock.And the time code makes everything more regular than live time.Indeed, in real time everything is flexible and variable, on the other hand digital time is like all set in frames.Even though we are able to fix every audio as we want ,which makes it “variable”.However, the audios are still actually being controlled by human beings.The reason why the difference between real time and digital time significant is because the real time precious experience of a moment is being lost when translating to digital time records.

2.What does Krukowski mean when he says that listening has a lot to do with how we navigate space?

Krukowsk says that listening has a lot of to do with how we navigate space,we use our stereo hearing to locate sound around us and map where we are.From my perspective, I suppose what he means is that we can map where we are by hearing the sounds around us and the sounds can guide us to right place.However, this also means we need to pay more attention to hear sounds of the place we are in, otherwise we as if have never been to there. For example, nowadays many people will wear headphones to listen to music or watch movies when taking underground, and some of them might miss the stop they should get off because they can’t hear the train’s broadcast.

Episode 2

1. In the interview at the beginning of the episode, Jeremiah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way.” What does he mean by this? What does Moss say about the distinction between public and private space, and why is it important?

Jeremah Moss argues that developers in Astor Place are “privatizing public space in a very stealth way”.What he means is that Astor Place should be a place for people to protest and express their opinions, but the companies now are controlling these areas.Private security guards walk around, they set a bunches of rules to limit people’s activities there such as forbidding skateboarding.It’s quite important because people lost the rights to do what they want in public spaces,and it’s not correct that private companies take those public spaces.

2.What is the significance of Emily Thompson’s idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces”? How is this desire, according to Krukowski, related to earbuds and headphones?

Emily Thompson indicates his idea that the development of concert halls arose from desires to “control interior spaces” is pretty significant because of the cause of high volume sounds.As our technology develops, there are more and more technologies with loud noise emerged such as trains ,vehicles and machines with motor or engine.With these noises, people are hard to focus on their work or study,therefore they design headphones ,earbuds and headphones to control the sounds of what they hear, which can also help people to build up their own private spaces.According to Krukowski, the idea of designing headphones and earbuds came from the idea of concerts hall.

3.In your own opinion, what are the key ideas from this episode about the relationship between sound and space? What strikes you as interesting about the ways that sound influences our experience of space

As far as I am concerned, I suppose the main point of episode 2 is that nowadays due to the development of technology, many types of noises have arisen, and people would like to control the sounds they hear and build up their private sounds space.What strikes me as interesting about the ways that sound influences our experience of space is that I didn’t realize why do more and more people wear headphones or earphones when walking in streets or taking public transportation before hearing the Way of Hearing Episode 2.And now I understand that it’s because as technology develops,more and more noises show up either, therefore people need headphones to build up a private sound space which can make them feel safe and comfortable.